A B&W 77mm #110 Neutral Density 3.0 Glass Filter has several uses and offers the possibility to achieve otherwise unachievable results. ND filters appear grey and reduce the amount of light reaching the film. They have no effect on color balance.

Neutral Density filters enable the shooter to adjust exposure without affecting color balance. ND filters appear grey and reduce the amount of light reaching the film. Neutral density filters are available in 1, 2, 3, or 4 stops to suit individual situations.

Determining which neutral density filter yields ideal results for any given lighting situation takes knowledge, experience and a collection of such filters. Speaking generally, the 2-stop value (ND 0.6) effectively compensates average situations.

Neutral Density Filters Have Four Main Uses

To enable slow shutter speeds to be used, especially with high speed films, to record movement in subjects such as waterfalls, clouds, or cars

To decrease depth of field by allowing wider apertures to be used, which helps separate subjects from their background

To decrease the effective ISO of high speed film (above ISO 400) and allow it to be used outdoors in bright situations

To allow cine and video cameras (which have fixed shutter speeds) to film subjects such as snow, sand or other bright scenes which could cause overexposure

Neutral Density Factors

ND.3 (exposure adjustment = 1 stop, reduces ISO 1/2)

ND.6 (exposure adjustment = 2 stops, reduces ISO 1/4)

ND.9 (exposure adjustment = 3 stops, reduces ISO 1/8)

ND 1.2 (exposure adjustment = 4 stops, reduces ISO 1/16)

ND 1.8 (exposure adjustment = approx. 6 stops, transmits 1% of light,)

ND 3.0 (exposure adjustment = 10 stops, transmits 0.1% of light)

ND 4.0 (exposure adjustment = 13-2/3 stops, transmits 0.01% of light)

ND 6.0 = (exposure adjustment = approx. 20 stops)