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Developing film in your own darkroom can be a rewarding experience, but the process requires knowledge of the chemicals, careful measurement, plenty of open air, and time to process the film. Black-and-white film development boasts more ways to mix chemicals than color film chemistry, as the processes when using color chemicals are the same throughout mixtures.
Film developers comprise of one or more chemicals that turn unprocessed black-and-white or color film into a photo format. The process of using film developing chemicals on film ribbon makes image transfer permanent, and removes light sensitivity that damages unprocessed film. Which developer you choose depends on what result you seek. Black-and-white developing chemicals can mix in several ways and have multiple processes that achieve different effects. There are four primary types of film developing chemicals to consider when processing black-and-white film:
Photographic fixer helps cement the image and complete the development of the film. Stop baths create the same affect, but take longer to attain results. Rapid fixers are popular because they quickly set images, but both development processes yield similar results.
Photographers use film developer in combination with black-and-white or color paper chemistry to process film and create finished photos. Black-and-white film processing requires paying special attention to the mixture and storage of chemicals. The following darkroom equipment is necessary if you're attempting to develop film at home:
There are also practical safety precautions and safety supplies required when handling any chemical solution.
Using graded paper produces high-quality photos, and it comes in grades from 0 to 5. Grade 5 provides you with the most contrast, and then contrast lowers gradually with each grade. Variable contrast paper can produce different contrasts using magenta filters. Fiber-based paper is more durable and produces beautiful tones, while resin-coated paper processes faster but isn't as stable after processing as fiber-based paper is.
B&H Photo and Video has film developing chemicals, fixing solutions, darkroom enlarging paper, and safety equipment to help you from start to finish. Browse the large selection of options for photographic supplies and keep your studio stocked.